In terms of pest and disease resilience, what is an advantage of species diversity?

Species diversity in a forest ecosystem contributes significantly to its resilience against pests and diseases primarily due to the broader range of genetic diversity it provides. This genetic diversity enables a wider array of responses to environmental stresses, including pest outbreaks and disease spread. When a forest comprises various species, each with its unique characteristics and strengths, the likelihood that some species will survive and thrive despite the presence of pests or pathogens increases.

This resilience is critical because it means that if one species is affected by a specific pest or disease, other species may still flourish and maintain the ecosystem's functionality. Additionally, diverse species can have different defenses against pests, whether through chemical deterrents or physical barriers, further enhancing overall ecosystem health. Thus, a diverse forest can sustain itself better in the face of biological threats, leading to improved long-term stability and productivity of the ecosystem.